Why you have chosen Praire View A&M University for your academic Essay

Why you have chosen Praire View A&M University for your academic endeavors - Essay Example Ever since I can remember, I have had this insatiable desire to take things apart to see how they work. Most of these had to do with electrical and electronic items and more often than not I was recruited to repair things in the home. When I began my search for a university to pursue higher education in my chosen field, I was looking for an institution where I would be encouraged to research new ideas and put my knowledge to use in an atmosphere of creativity and co-operation. My choice was naturally narrowed down to those institutions that had the reputation of producing excellent students in the field of engineering who were given opportunities to enhance their knowledge and skills in industry related environments. It is therefore not surprising that Prairie View was among the top schools on my list. I have for sometime been enthusiastic about developing low cost and easy maintenance electrical/electronic items that can be used in communities that do not enjoy the facilities enjoye d by those in developed nations. I hope that I shall be able to do something towards achieving this goal during my time at university.

Ethics Physical Privacy Burlington Northern Railway case 3 Essay

Ethics Physical Privacy Burlington Northern Railway case 3 - Essay Example Also the use of newer and more innovative technology and equipments, and also services has caused the company to be better recognised. Also the efficiency in usage of the energy and cost of savings and speed has grown the company and has built a history as big as the west. The company has been accused for testing its employees for genetic tests. These tests have been taken without the knowledge of the workers and the test have mainly been undertaken to ensure that the workers do not have any genetic defects. This is a very incorrect step that has been undertaken by the company and it is accounts for actions that are unlawful and also pushes the company into committing the mistake of discriminating the employees based on the disabilities or even unnecessarily. These steps that have been undertaken by the company has cost the company a lot of money to be paid out as compensation to the employees. It is to be noted that the employees who became a part of this and had been victimised, were given a compensation of $2.2 Million to settle the charges of illegally testing the workers for the genetic defects in the case of the government against workplace DNA discrimination. This company is one of the biggest railroad companies in the country and the company h as denied the violation of the law which turned the company to create a new milestone in the world of medical privacy. Also it has created a mark in the DNA based job discrimination. The company has violated the law and has also caused to breach the rules of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Burlington Northern railways have been charged by the EEOC for testing thirty six employees without their knowledge for a specific genetic disorder. This was majorly done for the people working on the tracks to ensure that they did not have carpal tunnel syndrome. The tests have been conducted along with the comprehensive diagnostic exam of the employees. Also a few of the

Unitary And Pluralistic Frames Of Reference Management Essay

Unitary And Pluralistic Frames Of Reference Management Essay Employee relationship is very important issue in the business world. Every manager must maintain a relationship with his employee to achieve the business goal. To maintain firm reputation and increase productivity employer maintain good employee relationship. A manager follows many approach or theory to maintain good relationship among the employees LO1: Understand the context of employee relations against a changing background Explain the unitary and pluralistic frames of reference (P1) Unitary frames Unitary frames which start from the values and assumption said that workplace conflict is not expected behave or relation between the manager and employee. A conflict starts from twos behaved or occurrence which felt effect on the other employee to commit further problem. Pluralistic frames In this frames the organization deviates firm into powerful and different sub-group. Each group has its own lawful loyalty and respect to their object and leader. The two main sub-groups in the Pluralist view are the management and trade unions. subscribing to different values and objectives. In the much organization pluralism represent as more suitable and perfect. This is also better to describe employment relationships. (Abbott, k. 2006) Evaluate how the changes in trade unionism in the 20th century have affected employee relations within the organization (P2) Very first of the 20th century the trade union becomes very powerful.in1901 the court decided that the trade union could be sued for damages if they held a strike this is mainly for the taff vale case. From 1923-1929 Britain face the conservative government. During that time general stick was held by the trade union. During the 1920s old industries like coal mining were declining. So in 1921 employers cut wages. In 1926 they proposed to cut wages and increase working hours. The miners leader A.J. Cooke said Not a penny off the pay, not a minute on the day. The miners went on strike and appealed to the other unions to help them. The result was a general strike from midnight on 3 May 1926. In that stick some general worker died. For which we observed May Day. Actually after that the trade union comes to form. These changes affected much on the employee relation. In the very first of trade union reform the relationship between the employer and employee was not good. But when the trade union come to the real form the employee relationship developed. (Nationalarchives, 2012) Explain the role of 4 main players in employee relations of an organization (P3) Some key employee play important role in the management of employee relation. Suppose the HR manager. Employee trainee, financial manager, CEO plays some key role in the employee relation. Role of HR manager in employee relation: human resource manager play some key role to manage the employee relation. For example a HR manager designs the job, making the work place planning etc. all of the planning he try to increase the candor, respect, responsibility by which the employee relation develop. Role of employee trainee in employee relation: by provide the proper training employee trainee ensure the proper employee relation. Role of financials manager: financial manager play a good role in controlling the employee relation. By providing proper knowledge about the need of relationship in finance he try to develop the employee relationship. CEO and employee relation: It is considered as a skill-set or a philosophy not as a management function. ECO considers it as a skill competences to achieve high performance. For the above reasons employer are tried to develop the employee relation. (Manaementstudyguide,2012) Why do you think the field of Industrial Relations has been replaced with the name Employee Relations over the years? Give examples to support your answer (M1) I think the term industrial relation replace by the term employee relationship. There are many reason for which the industrial relation replaced by the employee relation. The reasons are For the reforming of trade union and labor union come to form. In the 20th century the employee is consider as the core employee. The value of industrial relation cant maintain the better relationship. In the 20th century the relationship among the employee becomes essential. Industrial relation replaced by the employee relation because RE concept is much helpful to the firm Employee relation is easier to understand for the general employee. LO2: Understand the nature of industrial conflict and its resolution Explain the procedures an organization should follow when dealing with different conflict situations. There are some processes to dealing with the different conflict situation. Among them the causes identification, identify the way of solve and implication of that ways is main. This are describe below Identify the conflict causes: there are many causes for which a conflict arises in the organization some of them are Training management inefficiency Unfair treatment with the employee Poor communication system Risky working environment Unsolved problem of past Leader ship problem Harassment in organization etc Identify the way of solve conflict: this step sometime called managerial action to solve conflict. There are many types of action by which confect can remove from the organization. To solve the conflict negotiation is must be needed. Some ways to solve the conflict are Regularly review the job descriptions Developing the open opinion option Make the working place safety for the employee Listen to the employee problem By taking the employee recommendations Removing the harassment from the organization Creation proper opportunity for the employee Ways to implement the solving procedures: These solving procedures can implement in the organization by the following ways Make an conversation among the HR manager, manager and employee repetitive Take advise from the employee representative and overall employee line keep a record of relevant events: include dates and times, plus a description of what happened keep copies of anything relevant, letters, memos, emails, notes of meetings make a formal complaint Explain the key features of employee relations in a real life conflict situation of an of ford motor Employee relation means the body of concern to maintain the employee-employment relationship. It is very important for satisfactory productivity, employee motivation and business goal .it also necessary to solve and prevent different problem which arise from working place. Ford motor manages the employee relationship based on the Pluralist approach of employee relation (divided firm into many groups an each group has a unique identity) the employee relation depends on some feature those are given below: How the works are organize Acquisition skills and development of employee Compensation and pay processes and structures Security arrangements on employment and staffing Labor management issues By the above feature on employee relationship are maintaining by the ford motor to maintain the employee relation. Evaluate the effectiveness of procedures used in a conflict situation from real life organization Conflict in workplace means the lack of understanding between the employer and employee. For conflict the relationship among the employer and employee and employee to employee can destroy. Conflict in the organization is very harmful for the organization. It reduce employee relationship, decreases the productivity of firm, And create personal conflict. If there are any types of confliction the firm then the efficiency of employee reduce because conflict is one type of mental problem. Conflict create problem to achieve the goals of the organization. So it is very necessary to solve the conflict. In the real life there are many types of solving ways to solve the conflict from the organization. By the following procedure or using the following tool ford motor solve their organizational conflict which arises in the firm by some certain problem. Regularly review the job descriptions Developing the open opinion option Make the working place safety for the employee Listen to the employee problem By taking the employee recommendations Removing the harassment from the organization Creation proper opportunity for the employee Present findings from the reasons for conflict between British Airways Cabin Crew staff and management. How was the conflict solved and through which procedures? (M3). British airways are a famous airways industry in the world. This is one of the leading companies in the air way industry. But recently the3re was a problem between the cabin crew and management. This conflict arises from the facilities of employee issue. The crew said that they cannot get enough facilities like other company of this industry. But some specialist think there are some other problems behind it they this conflict arises from the following aspect Training management inefficiency Unfair treatment with the employee Poor communication system Risky working environment Unsolved problem of past Leader ship problem Harassment in organization etc However the British airline properly solved this conflict soon by appropriate negotiation with the cabin crews. LO3: Understand collective bargaining and negotiation processes Explain the role of negotiation in collective bargaining (P7) Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between the employers and employee union. This negation is based on the term and condition of the work mainly the wages, Workplace safety and working time. Negation plays some important role in the collective bargaining such as negotiation develops a sense of self respect and responsibility between the employer and union negation increase the productivity of the worker by the negation the freedom of employer decrease Effective collective bargaining machinery strengthens the trade unions movement It becomes easier for the management to resolve issues at the bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of individual workers. It is important for settling and preventing industrial disputes. A current conflict situation of any public or private organization in UK and give clear conclusions on the effectiveness of negotiation process between two parties (D1) There is conflict between the acas organization and its worker. For this conflict the employee stick against work. This conflict mainly occurs for some reasons the fist reason is dissatisfaction of employee. Other are Unfair treatment to employee Lack of equal opportunity Poor work opportunity Poor communication Increasing work load etc. But this problem solved soon by the grate roles of effective negotiation. For the negotiation the management listens about the employee dissatisfaction causes. Take the recommendation to solve the problem Then the negotiation manage to a conversation among the manager, hr manager and employee representative. In this conversation the manager take the recommendation of the employee representative to solve the problem. After knowing the causes of conflict the management took the proper stapes to solve the problem and at last they can able to solve it. A balance situation creates in the Acas organization only for the proper negotiation. ( Acas , 2012) Evaluate the impact of negotiation strategy of London Transport Association for conflict with Tube workers in recent times. (P8) There are two types of negotiation positive and negative. Both types of negotiation impact much on the London Transport agency. The success and failure of the London transport agency mainly depend on the impact of the negotiation. Recently there is a conflict between the tube worker and London transport agency. This conflict mainly based on the wages and safety work place. In this situation negotiation play an important rule to solve the problem. But the negotiation plays an important rule here. By the proper negotiation between the workers and management they come to a point where both parties interest maintained. LO4: Understand the concept of employee participation and involvement Evaluate the influence of the EU policies and directives on industrial democracy of workers within the UK (P9) There are many kinds of policies in the European Union to controls the business and organizational internal function. Such as trade policy, recruiting policy, environment maintain policy, human resource management policy, employee training policy, safety and healthy workplace policy and employee relationship maintain policy. All of this policies influence the industrial democracy of workers. Suppose the anti harassment policy make a women move freely in the workplace. They can join any workplace without mental problem like harassment problem. Trade policy is another derivatives of UN which indicate the degree of freedom af an organization. By this policy an organization involve in the international business. Safety and healthy workplace is n important policy of UN by which an industrial freedom and measured. If the workplace is safe for the employee the employee get more democratic right. Taking help from the answer to Question 4.1 produce a report for LCC and recommend how these EU policies can benefit the organization for long term. (D2) A report to LCC Introduction: EU policies influence the industrial democracy of workers. These policies must be beneficial for the firm and country. There are many kinds policies. Suppose the anti harassment policy make a women move freely in the workplace. They can join any workplace without mental problem like harassment problem. About the report: This report is about the policies of EU and its lacking About the EU policies: There are many kinds of policies in the European Union to controls the business and organizational internal function. Such as trade policy, recruiting policy, environment maintain policy, human resource management policy, employee training policy, safety and healthy workplace policy and employee relationship maintain policy Importance: Influence the industrial democracy of workers. Trade policy indicates the degree of freedom of an organization. By this policy an organization involve in the international business. Safety and healthy workplace Lacking: The policies make negative impact of firm. And create hinder on the way of business Recommendation: EU policies must be business oriented These policies must be beneficial for the organization The trade policy of EU must be helpful for the general people of the Europe. The policies must be ensure the safety of the employee It is very needed to create a safety and healthy workplace for the workers. This must be democratic for the employer. Compare 3 methods used to gain employee participation and involvement in the decision making process in organisations There are many process of employee involvement and participation among them delegation, communication, training and incentive, giving authority are more important. Delegation: this in process the supervisor gives responsibility to the subordinate to do any work with proper authority. This methods is more effective than others Giving authority method: Everyone likes power or be a member of authority. Giving power employee involvement can increase. This more effective than other methods Training: by training the employee evolvement can increase. This is a manual process of organization to increase the employee involvement. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/1060120506003.png (emeraldinsight,2012) Assess the impact of human resource management on employee relations (P11). Human resource management is an important part of an organization. It is May called an integral part of employee relation. Without proper human resources management proper employee relation is not possible. Employee relation and organizational behavior both depend on the management of the people of the firm. Human resource management always focuses on the employee and organizational development. Major functions of human source management recruitment, training and development, workplace planning, performance management, quality assurance and job design etc. All of these functions impact much on the employee relation this impact are given below Training, development and employee relation: Employee training and development influence much on the employee relation. To maintain a good relationship among the subordinate is an important topic of employee training. So through the training the relation among the employee increases. Workplace planning and employee relation: employee relationship depends much on the workplace planning. By the work place planning same type of employee are engage in a particular job. So an understanding among them creates soon. Performance management and employee relation: by performance management the relationship among the employee can develop. When a management be aware about the performance then they force the employee to do the work perfectly and for this reason the employee want the support from the subordinate. And thus the relationship may develop. Job design and employee relationship: a job is design for the better performance of the employee. Job design increase the candor, respect, integrity, mutual understands which develop the employee relation. Stone, R. (1995) The impact of any 3 HR practices in improving employee relations in ford motor The impact of HR practice In employee relation of the ford motor are given below job design of ford motor and employee relation: when ford motor design a job for some particular employee the management of ford motor think about the competence of the employee and they also include some procedure through which the relationship among the employee can increase. Employee training of ford motor and employee relation: ford motor always gives the appropriate training to the new employee. They provide train about the work, about the employees responsibility about the organization and how to manage the industrial relation or employee relation. For this reason the relationship among the employee developed soon. Workplace planning of ford motor and employee relation: as ford motor is a word rewound organization it is very careful about the work place planning. Through the workplace planning this company insures the employee relation inside and outside of the organization Conclusion: At last it can be said that employee relationship is very important for the organization. By managing this relation organization can easily achieve its goals. To maintain this relation an organization must understand about the human resource management, employee engagement, employee performance management etc.

Tablet PCs :: Personal Computers

Tablet PCs Weighing in at 2.5 pounds the Table PC is the newest creation in the world of portable computers. Instead of having to use a mouse and keyboard this new computer uses only an electronic pen and a few keys. Without even having to hook up to a phone-line you can wirelessly connect to the Internet. While the computer may be small itself its capabilities are far from it. One model of this PC is called the Convertible. This version looks very much like the normal laptop computer we’re used to today. With the other PC’s you don’t use a keyboard but with this one you have the option. If you’d rather type you simply rotate the computer and use the keyboard. If you’d prefer to use the note-take features you turn it back and begin writing with the pen as if you normally would. A second model of the tablet is the Slate PC. This version is very lightweight and convenient to use during meetings for note-taking. This version is easily able to dock right into your regular PC for use with a full screen, mouse and keyboard. It is similar to a laptop but its thin design makes it easy to bring wherever you may need it. While all tablets are able to dock some are easier than others. For example the Windows XP Dual Monitor support system allows you to work on one thing while keeping your notes on another screen. Along with the docking is the â€Å"grab-and-go† feature which allows you to undock so quickly you don’t have to go into standby. The Tablet PC is a very convenient tool for those who are not able to work at a desk with a computer but still need the same functions. These little computers are capable of running Windows XP. A Tablet is also able to run programs such as Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. You are able to customize the PC to exactly fit your needs. â€Å"Using

War Is Terrible

Saying that ‘war is terrible’ is such a simple statement but makes us think of the emotional stress and physical pain. There is a wide variety of texts that explore the ideas about war. Various composers agree that war is a terrible thing and isn’t necessary. There are some composers however who believe that war is necessary and that people should do their duty and fight for their country. These can be shown by a range of techniques. The war poetry of Wilfred Owen, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, conveys the horrors of war and of Wilfred Owens experience of war rather than the account of the experience itself.This is conveyed through the language and poetic techniques of imagery, repetition, metaphors, similes and even irony. â€Å"Tomorrow When the War Began† examines the war on a more obvious scale. â€Å"Trumpet Calls† looks at war as a noble thing and demonstrates the idea that people must support war and do their duty for their country. This is shown through colour, size, layout and framing. In the poem â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, Owen explains about death violence and sacrifice of the youth. Firstly the title itself has a significant use of assonance.Doomed youth is right; there were young men, some really young. By using the rhetorical question and simile of â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? † strongly affects us with the image of the slaughterhouse and the idea of men being treated less human and no more important than cattle which are lead to the slaughter without feeling. It shows us the mistreatment of men being constantly killed and has no chance, just like cattle being slaughtered for meat. It solemnly shows how those who die in war do not receive the normal ceremonies that we are used to, to honour the dead.Throughout the poem Wilfred Owen uses a lot of comparisons; one of these is the simile between a typical funeral in a church a nd what would happen to a soldier killed in battle. For example he compares the church bells with the noise of the gunfire; the prayers with the rapid rifle fire; the choirs with the wailing of shells; the candles held by altar boys with the lights of the sky reflected in the dead eyes of the soldiers. After reading â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† the entire perspective on how terrible the war is can be changed.The poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est†, Owen conveys that government may encourage and force you to fight for your country, but, in reality, fighting for your country is simply sentencing yourself to unnecessary death. In line 1 â€Å"bent double, like old beggars under sacks† is a simile, which compares the men to marching to beggars. Beginning with the image of men â€Å"bent double† creates the possibility that the soldiers really have become two people: the men they were before the war and the creatures they’re now. The imagery created by d escribing â€Å"the white eyes withering in his face†, is horrendous.It’s almost like their eyes live a life on their own: they have detached from the working of the body as a whole. In that same quote there is also alliteration which seeks to re-create the distortion taking place on the young man’s face. The unusual simile â€Å"devils sick of sin† shows the extreme of human cruelty and depravity. We can cause anguish and atrocities that would even sicken Satan. In Owens opinion, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Emphasizing the gruesome details of his real experience during the war demonstrates to the readers the emptiness of war. The Trumpet Calls† is a World War 1 poster which was used to convince civilians to join the war. The caption is â€Å"The Trumpet Calls† which is drawn in a bold red font designed to capture the viewers’ attention. Red symbolise the blood lost in the battle and acts as a plea for more people t o join up and replace the lives of those that were lost doing their â€Å"duty. † This is highlighted by the word â€Å"Calls†. In the frame, the main image is a soldier seen in brown colour standing above other soldiers that are fighting; some of them injured which makes this soldier stand out as he is above the other soldiers.The vector directs us as the viewers to the civilians in the background who are shown a shadowy grey colour which is used to illustrate their lack of involvement in the war. The hand of the soldier points downwards in a gesture-like way as if inviting civilians to help out the soldiers below him to fight in the war. This poster unlike the other texts is a positive view on war used to try and persuade people to participate in war, but the reality is that such posters led young men to their deaths.In the documentary, â€Å"Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam†, the director Bill Couturie illustrates to us what the Vietnam War was like. H e shows us the conditions of war and also the effect this had on the soldiers and their families. The letters that are read out basically act as a chronicle diary of physical, emotional and psychological challenges and the experiences of the soldiers. One soldier â€Å"This is all wrong† and others write things like â€Å"We are all scared†, â€Å"This was my first experience of war and it was ugly†, â€Å"It’s just a constant siege here†. These letters saying these things ighlight to us that the conditions of war are brutal, horrible and scarring and that it was an unknown entity to the soldiers as it was â€Å"Jungle Warfare† which was alien to most as no other wars were fought this way. There is also real footage of the war, news reals and facts and figures about the war and the amount of casualties, none is made up. This helps us to understand the amount of death and destruction of war and allows us to visually see how brutal the fightin g in war is. It makes the viewer feel sympathetic to those who fought and died in war and their families. It also highlights the pitiful waste of life that is lost to war.The soundtrack is made up of songs from the same era. At the start the songs seem more upbeat and happy and as the film progresses they begin to sound more sad and depressing. This is used to represent the soldier’s feelings about going to war at the start being happy and excited for a new adventure and those feelings changing as they witness the horrors of war and begin to start questioning this war. The documentary shows us the death and destruction that occurs from war. Men put their life on the line and were often killed; death was a daily occurrence as this is how war is. In the Trenches it wasn’t just people getting killed by gunfire.Disease and infection was very common in the trenches as there was little to no hygiene there. Rats and lice spread diseases. In the winter it would have been, cold , wet, muddy, snowy and generally unpleasant. Also people were emotionally scarred as their friend on the battlefield could easily be killed. Life in the conditions of war is very difficult and unpleasant. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, â€Å"Tomorrow when the war began† and â€Å"Trumpet Calls†, are very good and clear examples of how terrible the war is and what the soldiers went through, conveyed by film, poetic and literally techniques.

Ethics in Public Administration Essay

â€Å"The aim of every political constitution is, or ought to be, first to obtain for rulers men who possess most wisdom to discern, and most virtue to pursue, the common good of the society; and in the next place, to take the most effectual precautions for keeping them virtuous whilst they continue to hold their public trust. The elective mode of obtaining rulers is the characteristic policy of republican government. The means relied on in this form of government for preventing their degeneracy are numerous and various. The most effectual one, is such a limitation of the term of appointments as will maintain a proper responsibility to the people.1† How does one maintain proper responsibility to the people? Public Administration is a major contributor to democratic life. Its success advances to the building and maintaining of public trust built in democracy2. One of the greatest obstacles a public administrator is faced with are political and personal responsibilities. Friedrich believes that political and personal responsibilities are acquired through reasoned communication based on scientific knowledge3, while Finer argues that strict obedience to political administration superiors are ones political and personal responsibilities4. Finer also questions if there is such thing as being overly educated, and if those that are highly educated being scared away from governmental positions, thus leaving sub par people to take those roles5. The thought is that if there were better personnel in government positions than there would be a better political system; therefore a more ethically inclined system. Eric Raile agrees with Friedrich’s approach of reasoned communication; being  educated on ethics through training, personal interactions, and perceived knowledge will influence perceptions of ethical climate6. An interesting discovery though was that work tenure actually lessened the perception. This thought process of education is considered to be public ethics. Public ethics is the belief that results are gained from experience from care-oriented tasks7. Experience compared with a person’s age to how long he/she has been in office. The government has two types of approaches to determine ethics through efficiency and performance versus legal and democratic values. These two approaches are the legalistic approach and the managerialistic approach. The legalistic approach is just that, based on law. It relies on law-based priorities and processes to balance discretionary innovation and accountability. The managerialistic approach relies on innovation and efficiency to balance discretionary innovation and accountability. Whistle-blowing is an area of ethics that is often the most intimidating. While an employee is supposed to be protected it is not often guaranteed. There is a huge risk for not only the employee who reports perceived unethical behavior, but also to the company involved. Since there is always a question of whether one should report unethical behavior it is also interesting to examine what makes a person choose whether or not to report those behaviors. One study revolved around auditors, but its conclusion shows how the findings can be applied to public administration: to determine the likelihood of a person to report unethical behavior one must examine that person’s professional commitment and the organizations commitment versus colleague commitment and moral intensity of the unethical behavior9. The findings in the study of the auditors showed that moral intensity relates to both; higher level of professional identity increases as the commitment to the organization provides mo tivation. Another study showed results for where an employee is likely to report these incidences to: executives of larger organizations showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and external  whistle-blowing. Executives with union workers showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to EEOC, the media, and external whistle-blowing. Executives in the manufacturing industry showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to OSHA10. While the results are not one hundred percent, and further investigation needs to be done, this study showed that employees are more likely to voice concerns to outside parties, rather than internally. Bibliography: Barnett, Tim. (1992). â€Å"A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Selected Organizational Characteristics and External Whistleblowing by Employees.† Journal of Business Ethics. 11. Brady, F. Neil. (2003). â€Å"’Publics’ Administration and the Ethics of Particularity.† Public Administration Review. 63. Christensen, Robert K., Holly T. Goerdel, and Sean Nicholson-Crotty. (2011). â€Å"Management, Law, and the Pursuit of the Public Good in Public Administration.† Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 21. Finer, Herman. (1936) â€Å"Better Government Personnel.† Political Science Quarterly. 51. Finer, Herman (1941). â€Å"Administrative Responsibility in Democratic Government.† Public Administration Review 1. Fredericksen, Patricia J. and Daniel Levin. (2004). â€Å"Accountability and the Use of Volunteer Officers in Public Safety Organizations.† Public Performance and Management Review. 27. Gobert , James and Maurice Punch. (2000). â€Å"Whistleblowers, the Pulic Interest, and the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998.† The Modern Law Review. 63. Goodsell, Charles T. (2006). â€Å"A New Vision for Public Administration.† Public Administration Review. 66. Grant, Ruth W. and Robert O. Keohane. (2005). â€Å"Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics.† The American Political Science Review. 99. Huang, Yi-Hui (2001). â€Å"Should a Public Relations Code of Ethics be Enforced?† Journal of Business Ethics. 31. Huddleston, Mark W. and Joseph C. Sands. (1995). â€Å"Enforcing Administrative Ethics.† Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 537. Jos, Philip H., Mark E. Tompkins, and Steven W. Hays. (1989). â€Å"In Praise of Difficult People: A Portrait of the Committed Whistleblower.† Public Administration Review. 49. Kettl, Donald F. (2009). â€Å"Administrative Accountability and the Rule of Law.† PS: P olitical Science and Politics. 42. Kim, Seok-Eun. (2005). â€Å"Balancing Competing Accountability Requirements: Challenges in Performance Improvement of the Nonprofit Human Services Agency.† Public Performance and Management Review. 29. Luo, Yadong. (2006). â€Å"Political Behavior, Social Responsibility, and Perceived Corruption: A Structuration Perspective.† Journal of International Business Studies. 37. Madison, James. (1788) â€Å"The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation.† New York Packet. The Federalist. McNamee, Michael John and Scott Fleming. (2007). â€Å"Ethics Audits and Corporate Governance: The Case of Public Sector Sports Organizations.† Journal of Business Ethics. 73. Plant, Jeremy F. (2011). â€Å"Carl J. Friedrich on Responsibility and Authority.† Public Administration Review. 71 Raile, Eric D. (2013). â€Å"Building Ethical Capital: Perceptions of Ethical Climate in the Public Sector.† Public Administration Review. 73. Rodgers, Robert and Nanette Rodg ers. (2000) â€Å"Defining the Boundaries of Public Administration: Undisciplined Mongrels versus Disciplined Purists.† Public Administration Review. 60. Sayre, Wallace S. (1948). â€Å"The Triumph of Techniques over Purpose.† Public Administration Review. 8. Shanahan, Kevin J. and Michael R. Hyman. (2003). â€Å"The Development of a Virtue Ethics Scale.† Journal of Business Ethics. 42. Smith, Robert W. (2003). â€Å" Enforcement or Ethical Capacity: Considering the Role of State Ethics Commissions at the Millennium.† Public Administration Review. 63. Smith, Rogers M. (2008).â€Å"Religious Rhetoric and the Ethics of Public Discourse: The Case of George W. Bush.† Political Theory. 36. Stensota, Helena Olofsdotter. (2010). â€Å"The Conditions of Care: Reframing the Debate about Public Sector Ethics.† Public Administration Review. 70. Taylor, Eileen Z. and Mary B. Curtis. (2010). â€Å"An Examination of the Layers of Workplace Influences in Ethical Judgments: Whistleblowing Likelihood and Perseverance in Public Accounting.† Journal of Business Ethics. 93. Thompson, Dennis F. (1985). â€Å"The Possibility of Administrative Ethics.† Public Administration Review. 45.

Native Son Essays - Ethics, Native Son, Blindness, Visual Impairment

Native Son Essays - Ethics, Native Son, Blindness, Visual Impairment Native Son Bigger Thomas has been shaped by various forces. Forces that have changed the life completely for Bigger Thomas. In Native Son, Bigger Thomas seems to be composed of a mass of disruptive emotions rather than a rational mind joined by a soul. Bigger strives to find a place for himself, but the blindness he encounters in those around him and the bleak harshness of the Naturalistic society that Wright presents the reader with close him out as effectively as if they had shut a door in his face. In the first book, Wright tells the reader these were the rhythms of his life: indifference and violence; periods of abstract brooding and periods of intense desire; moments of silence and moments of anger like water ebbing and flowing from the tug of a far-away, invisible force (p.31). Bigger is controlled by forces that he cannot tangibly understand. Bigger's many acts of violence are, in effect, a quest for a soul. He desires an identity that is his alone. Both the white and the black communities have robbed him of dignity, identity, and individuality. The human side of the city is closed to him, and for the most part Bigger relates more to the faceless mass of the buildings and the mute body of the city than to another human being. His mother's philosophy of suffering to wait for a later reward is equally stagnating to Bigger it appears that she is weak and will not fight to live. Her religion is a blindness; but she needs to be blind in order to survive, to fit into a society that would drive a seeing person mad. All of the characters that Bigger says are blind are living in darkness because the light is too painful. Bigger wants to break through that blindness, to discover something of worth in himself, thinking that all one had to do was be bold, do something nobody ever thought of. The whole things came to him in the form of a powerful and simple feeling; there was in everyone a great hunger to believe that made them blind, and if he could see while others were blind, then he could get what he wanted and never be caught at it (p.102). Just as Bigger later hides himself amidst the catacombs of the old buildings, many people hide themselves deep within their minds in order to bear the ordeal of life and the oppression of an uncaring society. But their blindness allows them something that Bigger cannot achieve: it allows these people to meld into the society that is the city, while Bigger must stand at the outside of that community alternately marvelling and hating the compromises of those within. Bigger is alone; he is isolated from every facet of human affection. Max tells the court that Bigger cannot kill because he himself is dead, and a person without empathy or sympathy, without the deep, steadying love of family or faith in anything. When he lashes out in violence it is in a way a search for what hurt him; he hurts others because it is a way of hiding that he is hurt and afraid.). If one considers life to be a period of growth and learning, recognition of self-worth and of the worth of others, then Bigger has not been given the chance to live. Book Three is called Fate, and indeed Bigger seems to be controlled his entire life by ambivalent outside forces who could care less about him. He has been lied to until he believes the lies he tells himself. He has no place in society. His own mother believes in him no more than the billboard reading you can't win that he sees each day outside his apartment. He has grown up in an environment where enormous rats fester in holes and water is a maybe situation, where meals are precarious and money is almost nonexistent, and where he is told time and time again that he has no worth, no dignity, no intelligence or creativity. Is it any wonder that Bigger is violent? It seems more fantastic that all of the people around him are not. When he says, upon reading the paper No!