War Is Terrible

Saying that ‘war is terrible’ is such a simple statement but makes us think of the emotional stress and physical pain. There is a wide variety of texts that explore the ideas about war. Various composers agree that war is a terrible thing and isn’t necessary. There are some composers however who believe that war is necessary and that people should do their duty and fight for their country. These can be shown by a range of techniques. The war poetry of Wilfred Owen, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, conveys the horrors of war and of Wilfred Owens experience of war rather than the account of the experience itself.This is conveyed through the language and poetic techniques of imagery, repetition, metaphors, similes and even irony. â€Å"Tomorrow When the War Began† examines the war on a more obvious scale. â€Å"Trumpet Calls† looks at war as a noble thing and demonstrates the idea that people must support war and do their duty for their country. This is shown through colour, size, layout and framing. In the poem â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, Owen explains about death violence and sacrifice of the youth. Firstly the title itself has a significant use of assonance.Doomed youth is right; there were young men, some really young. By using the rhetorical question and simile of â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? † strongly affects us with the image of the slaughterhouse and the idea of men being treated less human and no more important than cattle which are lead to the slaughter without feeling. It shows us the mistreatment of men being constantly killed and has no chance, just like cattle being slaughtered for meat. It solemnly shows how those who die in war do not receive the normal ceremonies that we are used to, to honour the dead.Throughout the poem Wilfred Owen uses a lot of comparisons; one of these is the simile between a typical funeral in a church a nd what would happen to a soldier killed in battle. For example he compares the church bells with the noise of the gunfire; the prayers with the rapid rifle fire; the choirs with the wailing of shells; the candles held by altar boys with the lights of the sky reflected in the dead eyes of the soldiers. After reading â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† the entire perspective on how terrible the war is can be changed.The poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est†, Owen conveys that government may encourage and force you to fight for your country, but, in reality, fighting for your country is simply sentencing yourself to unnecessary death. In line 1 â€Å"bent double, like old beggars under sacks† is a simile, which compares the men to marching to beggars. Beginning with the image of men â€Å"bent double† creates the possibility that the soldiers really have become two people: the men they were before the war and the creatures they’re now. The imagery created by d escribing â€Å"the white eyes withering in his face†, is horrendous.It’s almost like their eyes live a life on their own: they have detached from the working of the body as a whole. In that same quote there is also alliteration which seeks to re-create the distortion taking place on the young man’s face. The unusual simile â€Å"devils sick of sin† shows the extreme of human cruelty and depravity. We can cause anguish and atrocities that would even sicken Satan. In Owens opinion, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Emphasizing the gruesome details of his real experience during the war demonstrates to the readers the emptiness of war. The Trumpet Calls† is a World War 1 poster which was used to convince civilians to join the war. The caption is â€Å"The Trumpet Calls† which is drawn in a bold red font designed to capture the viewers’ attention. Red symbolise the blood lost in the battle and acts as a plea for more people t o join up and replace the lives of those that were lost doing their â€Å"duty. † This is highlighted by the word â€Å"Calls†. In the frame, the main image is a soldier seen in brown colour standing above other soldiers that are fighting; some of them injured which makes this soldier stand out as he is above the other soldiers.The vector directs us as the viewers to the civilians in the background who are shown a shadowy grey colour which is used to illustrate their lack of involvement in the war. The hand of the soldier points downwards in a gesture-like way as if inviting civilians to help out the soldiers below him to fight in the war. This poster unlike the other texts is a positive view on war used to try and persuade people to participate in war, but the reality is that such posters led young men to their deaths.In the documentary, â€Å"Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam†, the director Bill Couturie illustrates to us what the Vietnam War was like. H e shows us the conditions of war and also the effect this had on the soldiers and their families. The letters that are read out basically act as a chronicle diary of physical, emotional and psychological challenges and the experiences of the soldiers. One soldier â€Å"This is all wrong† and others write things like â€Å"We are all scared†, â€Å"This was my first experience of war and it was ugly†, â€Å"It’s just a constant siege here†. These letters saying these things ighlight to us that the conditions of war are brutal, horrible and scarring and that it was an unknown entity to the soldiers as it was â€Å"Jungle Warfare† which was alien to most as no other wars were fought this way. There is also real footage of the war, news reals and facts and figures about the war and the amount of casualties, none is made up. This helps us to understand the amount of death and destruction of war and allows us to visually see how brutal the fightin g in war is. It makes the viewer feel sympathetic to those who fought and died in war and their families. It also highlights the pitiful waste of life that is lost to war.The soundtrack is made up of songs from the same era. At the start the songs seem more upbeat and happy and as the film progresses they begin to sound more sad and depressing. This is used to represent the soldier’s feelings about going to war at the start being happy and excited for a new adventure and those feelings changing as they witness the horrors of war and begin to start questioning this war. The documentary shows us the death and destruction that occurs from war. Men put their life on the line and were often killed; death was a daily occurrence as this is how war is. In the Trenches it wasn’t just people getting killed by gunfire.Disease and infection was very common in the trenches as there was little to no hygiene there. Rats and lice spread diseases. In the winter it would have been, cold , wet, muddy, snowy and generally unpleasant. Also people were emotionally scarred as their friend on the battlefield could easily be killed. Life in the conditions of war is very difficult and unpleasant. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, â€Å"Tomorrow when the war began† and â€Å"Trumpet Calls†, are very good and clear examples of how terrible the war is and what the soldiers went through, conveyed by film, poetic and literally techniques.

Ethics in Public Administration Essay

â€Å"The aim of every political constitution is, or ought to be, first to obtain for rulers men who possess most wisdom to discern, and most virtue to pursue, the common good of the society; and in the next place, to take the most effectual precautions for keeping them virtuous whilst they continue to hold their public trust. The elective mode of obtaining rulers is the characteristic policy of republican government. The means relied on in this form of government for preventing their degeneracy are numerous and various. The most effectual one, is such a limitation of the term of appointments as will maintain a proper responsibility to the people.1† How does one maintain proper responsibility to the people? Public Administration is a major contributor to democratic life. Its success advances to the building and maintaining of public trust built in democracy2. One of the greatest obstacles a public administrator is faced with are political and personal responsibilities. Friedrich believes that political and personal responsibilities are acquired through reasoned communication based on scientific knowledge3, while Finer argues that strict obedience to political administration superiors are ones political and personal responsibilities4. Finer also questions if there is such thing as being overly educated, and if those that are highly educated being scared away from governmental positions, thus leaving sub par people to take those roles5. The thought is that if there were better personnel in government positions than there would be a better political system; therefore a more ethically inclined system. Eric Raile agrees with Friedrich’s approach of reasoned communication; being  educated on ethics through training, personal interactions, and perceived knowledge will influence perceptions of ethical climate6. An interesting discovery though was that work tenure actually lessened the perception. This thought process of education is considered to be public ethics. Public ethics is the belief that results are gained from experience from care-oriented tasks7. Experience compared with a person’s age to how long he/she has been in office. The government has two types of approaches to determine ethics through efficiency and performance versus legal and democratic values. These two approaches are the legalistic approach and the managerialistic approach. The legalistic approach is just that, based on law. It relies on law-based priorities and processes to balance discretionary innovation and accountability. The managerialistic approach relies on innovation and efficiency to balance discretionary innovation and accountability. Whistle-blowing is an area of ethics that is often the most intimidating. While an employee is supposed to be protected it is not often guaranteed. There is a huge risk for not only the employee who reports perceived unethical behavior, but also to the company involved. Since there is always a question of whether one should report unethical behavior it is also interesting to examine what makes a person choose whether or not to report those behaviors. One study revolved around auditors, but its conclusion shows how the findings can be applied to public administration: to determine the likelihood of a person to report unethical behavior one must examine that person’s professional commitment and the organizations commitment versus colleague commitment and moral intensity of the unethical behavior9. The findings in the study of the auditors showed that moral intensity relates to both; higher level of professional identity increases as the commitment to the organization provides mo tivation. Another study showed results for where an employee is likely to report these incidences to: executives of larger organizations showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and external  whistle-blowing. Executives with union workers showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to EEOC, the media, and external whistle-blowing. Executives in the manufacturing industry showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to OSHA10. While the results are not one hundred percent, and further investigation needs to be done, this study showed that employees are more likely to voice concerns to outside parties, rather than internally. Bibliography: Barnett, Tim. (1992). â€Å"A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Selected Organizational Characteristics and External Whistleblowing by Employees.† Journal of Business Ethics. 11. Brady, F. Neil. (2003). â€Å"’Publics’ Administration and the Ethics of Particularity.† Public Administration Review. 63. Christensen, Robert K., Holly T. Goerdel, and Sean Nicholson-Crotty. (2011). â€Å"Management, Law, and the Pursuit of the Public Good in Public Administration.† Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 21. Finer, Herman. (1936) â€Å"Better Government Personnel.† Political Science Quarterly. 51. Finer, Herman (1941). â€Å"Administrative Responsibility in Democratic Government.† Public Administration Review 1. Fredericksen, Patricia J. and Daniel Levin. (2004). â€Å"Accountability and the Use of Volunteer Officers in Public Safety Organizations.† Public Performance and Management Review. 27. Gobert , James and Maurice Punch. (2000). â€Å"Whistleblowers, the Pulic Interest, and the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998.† The Modern Law Review. 63. Goodsell, Charles T. (2006). â€Å"A New Vision for Public Administration.† Public Administration Review. 66. Grant, Ruth W. and Robert O. Keohane. (2005). â€Å"Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics.† The American Political Science Review. 99. Huang, Yi-Hui (2001). â€Å"Should a Public Relations Code of Ethics be Enforced?† Journal of Business Ethics. 31. Huddleston, Mark W. and Joseph C. Sands. (1995). â€Å"Enforcing Administrative Ethics.† Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 537. Jos, Philip H., Mark E. Tompkins, and Steven W. Hays. (1989). â€Å"In Praise of Difficult People: A Portrait of the Committed Whistleblower.† Public Administration Review. 49. Kettl, Donald F. (2009). â€Å"Administrative Accountability and the Rule of Law.† PS: P olitical Science and Politics. 42. Kim, Seok-Eun. (2005). â€Å"Balancing Competing Accountability Requirements: Challenges in Performance Improvement of the Nonprofit Human Services Agency.† Public Performance and Management Review. 29. Luo, Yadong. (2006). â€Å"Political Behavior, Social Responsibility, and Perceived Corruption: A Structuration Perspective.† Journal of International Business Studies. 37. Madison, James. (1788) â€Å"The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation.† New York Packet. The Federalist. McNamee, Michael John and Scott Fleming. (2007). â€Å"Ethics Audits and Corporate Governance: The Case of Public Sector Sports Organizations.† Journal of Business Ethics. 73. Plant, Jeremy F. (2011). â€Å"Carl J. Friedrich on Responsibility and Authority.† Public Administration Review. 71 Raile, Eric D. (2013). â€Å"Building Ethical Capital: Perceptions of Ethical Climate in the Public Sector.† Public Administration Review. 73. Rodgers, Robert and Nanette Rodg ers. (2000) â€Å"Defining the Boundaries of Public Administration: Undisciplined Mongrels versus Disciplined Purists.† Public Administration Review. 60. Sayre, Wallace S. (1948). â€Å"The Triumph of Techniques over Purpose.† Public Administration Review. 8. Shanahan, Kevin J. and Michael R. Hyman. (2003). â€Å"The Development of a Virtue Ethics Scale.† Journal of Business Ethics. 42. Smith, Robert W. (2003). â€Å" Enforcement or Ethical Capacity: Considering the Role of State Ethics Commissions at the Millennium.† Public Administration Review. 63. Smith, Rogers M. (2008).â€Å"Religious Rhetoric and the Ethics of Public Discourse: The Case of George W. Bush.† Political Theory. 36. Stensota, Helena Olofsdotter. (2010). â€Å"The Conditions of Care: Reframing the Debate about Public Sector Ethics.† Public Administration Review. 70. Taylor, Eileen Z. and Mary B. Curtis. (2010). â€Å"An Examination of the Layers of Workplace Influences in Ethical Judgments: Whistleblowing Likelihood and Perseverance in Public Accounting.† Journal of Business Ethics. 93. Thompson, Dennis F. (1985). â€Å"The Possibility of Administrative Ethics.† Public Administration Review. 45.

Native Son Essays - Ethics, Native Son, Blindness, Visual Impairment

Native Son Essays - Ethics, Native Son, Blindness, Visual Impairment Native Son Bigger Thomas has been shaped by various forces. Forces that have changed the life completely for Bigger Thomas. In Native Son, Bigger Thomas seems to be composed of a mass of disruptive emotions rather than a rational mind joined by a soul. Bigger strives to find a place for himself, but the blindness he encounters in those around him and the bleak harshness of the Naturalistic society that Wright presents the reader with close him out as effectively as if they had shut a door in his face. In the first book, Wright tells the reader these were the rhythms of his life: indifference and violence; periods of abstract brooding and periods of intense desire; moments of silence and moments of anger like water ebbing and flowing from the tug of a far-away, invisible force (p.31). Bigger is controlled by forces that he cannot tangibly understand. Bigger's many acts of violence are, in effect, a quest for a soul. He desires an identity that is his alone. Both the white and the black communities have robbed him of dignity, identity, and individuality. The human side of the city is closed to him, and for the most part Bigger relates more to the faceless mass of the buildings and the mute body of the city than to another human being. His mother's philosophy of suffering to wait for a later reward is equally stagnating to Bigger it appears that she is weak and will not fight to live. Her religion is a blindness; but she needs to be blind in order to survive, to fit into a society that would drive a seeing person mad. All of the characters that Bigger says are blind are living in darkness because the light is too painful. Bigger wants to break through that blindness, to discover something of worth in himself, thinking that all one had to do was be bold, do something nobody ever thought of. The whole things came to him in the form of a powerful and simple feeling; there was in everyone a great hunger to believe that made them blind, and if he could see while others were blind, then he could get what he wanted and never be caught at it (p.102). Just as Bigger later hides himself amidst the catacombs of the old buildings, many people hide themselves deep within their minds in order to bear the ordeal of life and the oppression of an uncaring society. But their blindness allows them something that Bigger cannot achieve: it allows these people to meld into the society that is the city, while Bigger must stand at the outside of that community alternately marvelling and hating the compromises of those within. Bigger is alone; he is isolated from every facet of human affection. Max tells the court that Bigger cannot kill because he himself is dead, and a person without empathy or sympathy, without the deep, steadying love of family or faith in anything. When he lashes out in violence it is in a way a search for what hurt him; he hurts others because it is a way of hiding that he is hurt and afraid.). If one considers life to be a period of growth and learning, recognition of self-worth and of the worth of others, then Bigger has not been given the chance to live. Book Three is called Fate, and indeed Bigger seems to be controlled his entire life by ambivalent outside forces who could care less about him. He has been lied to until he believes the lies he tells himself. He has no place in society. His own mother believes in him no more than the billboard reading you can't win that he sees each day outside his apartment. He has grown up in an environment where enormous rats fester in holes and water is a maybe situation, where meals are precarious and money is almost nonexistent, and where he is told time and time again that he has no worth, no dignity, no intelligence or creativity. Is it any wonder that Bigger is violent? It seems more fantastic that all of the people around him are not. When he says, upon reading the paper No!

Five Kinds of Selves Ulric Neisser Essays

Five Kinds of Selves Ulric Neisser Essays Five Kinds of Selves Ulric Neisser Paper Five Kinds of Selves Ulric Neisser Paper Enemies was born 8 December 1928 Is In American psychologist and member of the National Academy of Sciences. He Is a faculty member at Cornell university. He was a great contributor to cognitive psychology with his first book: Cognitive Psychology. His criticism He criticized the field of cognitive psychology; he disagreed with the linear programming model of cognitive psychology, which sees the human brain like an operating computer, with its overemphasis on information processing models used to describe behavior. Moreover he argued that cognitive psychology had failed to dress everyday aspects of human behavior. He blamed the excessive dependence on artificial laboratory tasks for this failure. He felt that in cognitive psychology, there was a severe disconnection between theories of behavior shaped by laboratory experiments and real-world events, which he called ecological validity. Lastly, he criticizes the opinion that individuals are passive in the perception process. Five selves In his article he says; If we are In search of the self, we can look either Inward or outward. To look inward is to focus on private experience, on mental representations, on the self-concept. To look outward is to see the self as embedded in its environment, ecologically and socially situated in relation to other objects and persons. (Enemies, 1994) Human beings confirmation of each others selfless is seen as an aspect of life. : Human beings have different ways to know about themselves; perceiving themselves ecologically or socially, remembrance, conception, reflection and Introspective awareness are some of the spots to see the self from. Despite to the fact that each have their own origins Enemies claims that two perceptions are fundamental compared to other ones; ecological and interpersonal. Enemies, 1993) This view of him is definitely affected by his colleague and friend, James Gibson. Gibson sees the two perceptions like two sides of a coin. Gibson, 1979) Our definition of ourselves differs throughout our life; at first we Just sense the world outside, our environment and define ourselves accordingly; then we distinguish people from the non living: later being spent more time on the world and having different experiences we see ourselves in another way; after that we learn to hide some things from others, we have some thing hidden or in other word: private; and anally we conceptualize a unique self. S o Enemies defines five different selves according to the direction of the view; Ecological self The self as perceived with respect to the physical environment. (l am the one here doing that. ) The limbs and the reach of them are always considered as ecological self; for example people with artificial body parts consider them as themselves because they move according to intentions and coordinated by the shifts in the viewpoint of the person. Interpersonal sell The self that produces species specific signals of emotional relationship and communication. (l am the person engaging in this human relation. ) The ecological self is an active factor in the physical environment; the interpersonal self is an agent in a social environment. We see/perceive ourselves as the target of the other persons attention, and as an agent in the interaction. Extended self The self based on our personal memories and anticipations. (l am the one with certain experiences and certain routines. ) Private self This self appears when children notice that some of their experiences are not directly shared with other people. (l am the one who can feel that unique emotion. ) Conceptual self (self concept) The self drawing its meaning from the network of assumptions in which it is embedded. It can be based on social roles, internal identities or personal characteristics. ( Enemies, 1988). I am an intelligent American professor. The conceptual self consists of the beliefs, appropriate roles, personal attributes, and even worth and value. Parallel to self concept there exist the self-narratives, the stories we tell to ourselves in mind, while encoding experiences to memory. (Enemies Fichus, 1994). However we often tell the story to ourselves in a different way, reconstructing he life in our mind and this leads to another self; the remembered self. His views about Perception Enemies argues that humans are not passive in cognition; they are active participants using their schemata to perceive the information flowing through sensory organs. If the information is relevant it may change the schemata and alter the processing of knowledge derived from the environment. Information action schemata Enemies believes that this conception explains selective perceptions; as the individual wanders throughout the world the schemata anticipates the beneficial information and allocates the resources to perceives it.

3 Cases of Suspensive Hyphenation That Are Missing a Hyphen

3 Cases of Suspensive Hyphenation That Are Missing a Hyphen 3 Cases of Suspensive Hyphenation That Are Missing a Hyphen 3 Cases of Suspensive Hyphenation That Are Missing a Hyphen By Mark Nichol When an adjective can be shared between two nouns to form a pair of parallel phrasal adjectives modifying another noun, the first instance of the simple adjective can be elided so that it is implied. However, writers often neglect to provide, in the form of a hyphen, a signpost identifying the elision. Here are three sentences featuring that flaw, followed by a discussion about, and a revision of, each. 1. The film covers the scene’s considerable sprawl, from the sketchy clubs and apartment dwellings to the bands and the drug and booze-fueled chaos that followed them. This statement refers to drug chaos and booze-fueled chaos. Obviously, the writer means â€Å"drug-fueled and booze-fueled chaos† but knows the rule described in the introduction to this post; in this case, fueled has correctly been omitted from drug-fueled, the first of two phrasal adjectives. However, the first element of the first phrasal adjective must be followed by a hyphen to signal that the elision is taking place: â€Å"The film covers the scene’s considerable sprawl, from the sketchy clubs and apartment dwellings to the bands and the drug- and booze-fueled chaos that followed them.† 2. This strategy breaks the training material up into several 2-3 minute videos. As constructed, this nonsensical sentence refers to something called minute videos; it refers, in quick succession, to several of them and 2–3 of them. The problem is that the writer knows that a hyphen should link a range of numbers (actually, a dash should, but many publications use a simple hyphen, so the point is acceptable) but errs in applying that rule in this case. This statement is complicated by the need for a phrasal adjective to modify â€Å"videos† with a reference to length, and â€Å"2-3-minute videos† is obviously not correct. The solution is to replace the symbol indicating a number range with to and refer to â€Å"2-minute to 3-minute videos,† though the first instance of minute can be deleted and implied: â€Å"This strategy breaks the training material up into several 2- to 3-minute videos.† 3. Why can’t humans hear infra and ultrasound? Here, the suspensive omission is part of a closed compound. This strategy is technically valid (the proper form is â€Å"Why can’t humans hear infra- and ultrasound?†) but in practice often awkward. In this case, forgo the elision: â€Å"Why can’t humans hear infrasound and ultrasound?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101Capitalization Rules for the Names of Games10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Despite the criticisms often levelled at the Community institutions Essay

Despite the criticisms often levelled at the Community institutions and their powers to legislate, it should be remembered that ultimate power still lies with t - Essay Example The legal scheme said to be designed by the Treaty at the outset has been assessed as having shortfalls in its objective of ensuring that the EC law be properly applied by the Member States. Article 169 procedures as a legal instrument in fighting against all the failures to fulfill obligations accordingly is not appropriate. This implies the need to create additional means to enforce and supervise the EC law (Gil Ibà ¡Ãƒ ±ez, 1997). To date, the Community and its underlying legal order can only hold on if that legal order is safeguarded and complied with and the Community law directly applied, with its primacy over national law (ABC of community law, 2004). For all its imperfections, however, the European Community legal order is said to have greatly helped in solving the political, economic and social problems of the Member States (ABC of community law, 2004). But there is yet the tag and pull when it comes to location of power in most aspects. Different institutions cooperate and govern the European Union and the most important of these are the Council, the Commission, the European Parliament and the Court of Justice. (EU Law, n.d.). With its own set of legislation, the European Community also has the laws of its member states. EC Law is concerned with treaties, regulations, and decisions of the European Court of Justice (Ibid). Made within the part of the European Union called the European Communities (EC), the EC Law is only the legislation that is applicable, hence called EC law. Based on the Treaties, it is the fundamental rules of the EU serving as agreements between the Member States. EC law comprises four different fields, namely primary law (the Treaties and the accession treaties of the new Member States), secondary law (all existing legal acts accepted by institutions of the European Union), international agreements between the European Union and

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Rewrite - Essay Example Once this is done potatoes are ready for automatic peeling and are washed with cold water. 4. Slicing process involves passing potatoes through a revolving impaler/presser which cuts them into proper thin slices in accordance with the required thickness. Chips are cut in regular or ridged according to the blades used. 7. At this stage, slices pass through the air jets to get their excess water removed. During this process, slices are flown into 40-75 ft. oil filled troughs at the temperature of 350-375Â °F. Paddling process push the slices along and salt is sprinkled at the rate of 1.75 lb of salt to each 100 lb of chips. As potatoes arrive daily at manufacturing plants, they are checked for quality and are stored at a constant temperature and are processed into chips. To improve the color of the final product, potatoes are also being treated chemically by some manufacturers. However, to prepare the chips, potatoes are fried into oil and are sprinkled with flake salt instead of crystal salt. 10. After cooling and sorting chips are forwarded to the packaging machine where they are measured for their weight as well as a metal detector to check any metal piece that may have been included in the potatoes or being picked up during frying process. 11. A central processing unit code on the bags, which flow down from a roll, tells the machine how much chips should be released into the bag. A bag is formed, machines throws out the proper amount of chips into the bag and bags are sealed than. 12. During this process, it is ensured that excess air is not filled into the bags due to gaps and is nitrogen is used by some manufactures in this regard. Sealed bags are collated and hand-packed into cartons. Tasting samples are made from each batch at the rate of once per hour. The overall tasting process involves checking the chips for salt, seasoning, moisture, color which is also compared to the charts to confirm acceptable chip colors and flavor. Though potato chips